Aquaplanets, Climate Sensitivity, and Low Clouds
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Observational constraints on mixed-phase clouds imply higher climate sensitivity.
Global climate model (GCM) estimates of the equilibrium global mean surface temperature response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2, measured by the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), range from 2.0° to 4.6°C. Clouds are among the leading causes of this uncertainty. Here we show that the ECS can be up to 1.3°C higher in simulations where mixed-phase clouds consisting of ice crystals and super...
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Earth's climate is thought to be quite sensitive to changes in radiative fluxes that are quite small in absolute magnitude, a few watts per square meter, and in relation to these fluxes in the natural climate. Atmospheric aerosol particles exert influence on climate directly, by scattering and absorbing radiation, and indirectly by modifying the microphysical properties of clouds and in turn th...
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It has been proposed that Earth's climate could be affected by changes in cloudiness caused by variations in the intensity of galactic cosmic rays in the atmosphere. This proposal stems from an observed correlation between cosmic ray intensity and Earth's average cloud cover over the course of one solar cycle. Some scientists question the reliability of the observations, whereas others, who acc...
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An Aquatic Habitability Index is proposed, based on Quantitative Habitability Theory, and considering a very general model for life. It is a primary habitability index, measuring habitability for phytoplankton in the first place. The index is applied to some case studies, such as the habitability changes in Earth due to environmental perturbations caused by asteroid impacts.
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G.R. Asrar and J.W. Hurrell (eds.), Climate Science for Serving Society: Research, Modeling and Prediction Priorities, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6692-1_4, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract Physical processes not well resolved by climate models continue to limit confi dence in detailed predictions of climate change. The representation of cloud and convection-related processe...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Climate
سال: 2008
ISSN: 1520-0442,0894-8755
DOI: 10.1175/2008jcli1995.1